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The Remembrance Day bombing (also known as the Enniskillen bombing or Poppy Day massacre) took place on 8 November 1987 in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. A Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb exploded near the town's war memorial (cenotaph) during a Remembrance Sunday ceremony, which was being held to commemorate British military war dead. Eleven people (ten civilians and a police officer), many of them old age pensioners, were killed and 63 were injured. The IRA said it had made a mistake and that its target had been the British soldiers parading to the memorial. The bombing was strongly condemned by all sides and weakened the IRA's and Sinn Féin's support for its campaign. It also facilitated the passing of the Extradition Act, which made it easier to extradite IRA suspects from the Republic of Ireland to the United Kingdom. Loyalist paramilitaries responded to the bombing with 'revenge' attacks on Catholic civilians.〔McKittrick, David. ''Lost Lives: The stories of the men, women and children who died as a result of the Northern Ireland Troubles''. Random House, 2001. pp.1094–1099〕 The bombing has been described as a turning point in the Troubles〔 and an incident that shook the IRA "to its core". ==Background and planning== The IRA said that the bombing was an attempt to kill British soldiers. It has also been suggested that it was partly a retaliation for the alleged harrassment of republican memorial services by the security forces.〔Liam Clarke & Kathryn Johnston. ''Martin McGuinness: From Guns to Government''. Mainstream, 2003. p.189〕 A week before the bombing, the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) clashed with mourners at the funeral of IRA terrorists Eddie McSheffrey and Paddy Deery. When an IRA gunman fired a three-volley salute over the coffins, police baton charged and fired plastic bullets into the crowd. One of the coffins was knocked to the ground and a number of civilians and officers were injured.〔(25th anniversary of IRA volunteers Paddy Deery and Eddie McSheffrey ). ''Derry Journal''. 26 October 2012.〕〔(Police Fire Rubber Bullets in Melee at IRA Funeral ). Associated Press news archive. 2 November 1987.〕〔McVeigh, Joe. ''Taking a Stand: Memoir of an Irish Priest''. Mercier Press, 2008. pp.216-217 〕 The bombing was thought by the British and Irish security forces to have involved at least two IRA units, from both sides of the border. Although IRA units were given "a degree of operational autonomy" at the time, they believed that such a bombing must have been sanctioned by IRA Northern Command.〔 However, a high-ranking IRA member said that it was suggested by IRA men at the local level and sanctioned by a "middle level" officer but no clarity or admittance of any guilt would be forth coming. 〔("Police: IRA Planted Bomb in Town Near Enniskillen That Didn't Explode" ) (11 November 1987). Associated Press News Archive. Retrieved 5 November 2012.〕 Denzil McDaniel, author of ''Enniskillen: The Remembrance Sunday Bombing'', later interviewed security and IRA contacts, putting together an account of the bombers' movements.〔 He wrote that the bomb was made in Ballinamore, County Leitrim and brought to Enniskillen by up to thirty IRA thugs, moving in relay teams to avoid security patrols. It is thought to have taken over 24 hours to transport the bomb.〔 On the night of 7 November, the bomb—hidden in a sports bag—was left at the gable wall inside the town's Reading Rooms, and set to explode at 10:43 AM the next day,〔〔House of Commons Official Report 9 November 1987 Column 19〕 minutes before the ceremony was to start. Knowing full well that many civilians would be in the area at that time, the criminals were not deterred. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Remembrance Day bombing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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